Years: 132-135

Second Jewish rebellion. Jerusalem destroyed. Most of the population dies or flees.
The second Jewish Revolt (132-135 AD) was prompted by the Emperor Hadrian, who during his travels through Judea in 130 AD indulged himself in several provocations, including a decree banning circumcism, construction of a tomb to Pompey (who had desecrated the Temple of Yahweh in Jersusalem in 63 BC) and the pronouncement that he would rebuild Jerusalem as the Roman city Aeolia Capitolina, including construction of a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus on the site of Herod's temple. Apparently designed to provoke a reaction, Hadrian's actions certainly did not sit well with the natives, who promptly revolted under the leadership of Simon Bar Kokhba.
Little is recorded of the rebellion, despite the fact that it was fiercely fought and lasted approximately three and a half years before the Roman army under Julius Serverus was able to bring Bar Kokhba to bay in a fortress near Jerusalem. Jewish annals record that 50 forts and 985 villages were destroyed and that 580,000 Jews were killed during the course of the war. The Romans for their part were reputed to have lost the legio XXII Deiotariana. In the rebellion's aftermath, Hadrian permanently banned Jews from setting foot in Jerusalem and then rebuilt the city as a Roman colony.